Deformation monitoring is the practice of measuring a structure, slope, or asset over time with the same survey methodology, comparing successive measurements to detect movement, settlement, tilt, or shift. The deliverable is typically a series of survey reports showing each monitoring period's results, the difference from baseline, and the rate of movement. Monitoring is used during construction (adjacent excavation impact, dewatering effects), as part of geotechnical risk management (active landslides, retaining walls), for structural health (historic buildings, distressed structures), and for compliance with permit conditions. We perform monitoring with the same field crews and instruments that perform our other survey work, providing consistent results across long monitoring campaigns.
• Construction monitoring of adjacent buildings during excavation, shoring, or dewatering
• Active landslide or slope monitoring
• Retaining wall monitoring after construction or during distress investigations
• Historic or distressed structure monitoring
• Bridge or tunnel monitoring during adjacent construction
• Permit condition compliance requiring monitoring reports to the agency
• Pre- and post-construction documentation to establish liability baselines
• Subsidence monitoring (oil/gas extraction, groundwater pumping, settlement)
• Lawsuit or insurance documentation of structural movement
• Monitoring plan development including monitoring points, frequency, accuracy targets, and reporting
• Establishment of stable reference benchmarks outside the influence area
• Installation of monitoring targets or prisms on the structure or asset
• Baseline survey establishing initial position of all monitoring points
• Periodic monitoring surveys at the agreed frequency (weekly, monthly, quarterly, event-triggered)
• Comparison reports documenting movement at each monitoring period
• Trend analysis and threshold notifications
• Stamped monitoring reports for agency or permit submittal
• Crack monitoring on building walls (crack gauges and width measurement)
• Tiltmeter integration for high-frequency angular monitoring
• Photographic documentation of monitored conditions over time
• GPS-based monitoring for long-term slope or landslide tracking
• Specific threshold alerts triggering immediate notification
• Project address and the asset being monitored
• Reason for monitoring (construction, geotechnical, structural, compliance)
• Monitoring frequency required (one-time, weekly, monthly, event-driven)
• Accuracy and threshold targets (any specific movement that requires notification)
• Reporting format and audience (engineer, agency, attorney, insurer)
• Duration of the monitoring campaign
• Site access details and any safety considerations
• Any existing baseline survey or monitoring data
1. Monitoring plan. We develop the plan with monitoring locations, frequency, accuracy, and reporting in coordination with your engineer or geotechnical consultant.
2. Reference benchmarks. We establish stable reference points outside the influence area.
3. Baseline survey. We install monitoring targets and survey them to establish the baseline.
4. Periodic surveys. We return at the agreed frequency and re-survey all monitoring points using consistent methodology.
5. Comparison and reporting. We compare each period to baseline (and prior periods), document movement, and issue the report.
6. Threshold notifications. If movement exceeds defined thresholds, we notify per the agreed protocol.
• Monitoring plan document
• Baseline survey report
• Periodic monitoring reports comparing each period to baseline
• Movement trend graphs and tables
• Threshold notifications when movement exceeds agreed limits
• Final monitoring summary at end of campaign
• Licensed California PLS (PLS 8099) overseeing all monitoring work and reports
• Same field crews across the monitoring campaign, consistent methodology eliminates personnel variance
• Survey-grade equipment with submillimeter resolution for sensitive monitoring
• Experience with construction monitoring, geotechnical monitoring, and structural health applications
• Direct coordination with structural and geotechnical engineers on threshold and notification protocols
• Reports formatted for engineer review, agency submittal, or legal documentation
Frequency depends on the application. Adjacent construction monitoring is typically weekly during active excavation, transitioning to monthly as work moves away. Active landslide monitoring may be weekly or event-triggered. Historic building monitoring may be monthly or quarterly. We coordinate frequency with your engineer or geotechnical consultant to balance risk detection against cost.
Yes, for high-accuracy monitoring, we install survey prisms or targets at the monitoring points. These are small, removable, and don't damage the structure. For lower-accuracy monitoring (general settlement of a slab, for example), pre-existing features can sometimes be used as monitoring points.
Campaigns run from weeks (a single construction phase) to years (long-term geotechnical monitoring). We design the methodology, equipment, and reference benchmarks to support the planned duration. Confirm your expected campaign length when scoping.
With proper methodology and reference benchmarks, monitoring achieves submillimeter accuracy on settlement and angular measurements. The practical detection threshold depends on the distance from reference benchmarks and the consistency of measurement conditions. We can typically detect 0.02 foot to 0.07 foot of vertical movement reliably.
Our reports document the movement. Interpretation of what the movement means and what action to take is handled by your structural or geotechnical engineer. We notify per the agreed threshold protocol and continue monitoring per the plan unless directed otherwise.
The interval is set by the project and the engineer of record, ranging from a single baseline with periodic epochs to frequent readings during sensitive construction. We establish a stable baseline and reference network, then repeat measurements on the agreed schedule and report movement against the baseline.